Business Survey

Dear participants,

We are conducting research in collaboration with the Center for China and Asia-Pacific Studies (CECHAP) of the Universidad del Pacífico (Lima-Peru) for APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum).
This study aims to obtain information on the role of digital connectivity in the formalization process of informal businesses. Digitalization in the business environment is constantly strengthening, which can significantly reduce informality in the sector. Informal businesses face various problems that limit their productivity while competing unfairly with formal enterprises.

We thank you for your collaboration in this important academic project. The survey lasts approximately 15 minutes, and your participation is essential for advancing research and business development. Please do not hesitate to contact us with any questions or concerns regarding the survey.

We sincerely appreciate your time and consideration.

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* 1. Location (economy)

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* 2. Line of Business (LOB)

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* 3. What is your main activity, or which is the product that represents the most significant proportion of your annual sales?

Extractive sectors: agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining.

Transforming sectors: construction, manufacturing, transportation, communication, public services, and wholesale.

Business services: finance, insurance, real estate, all business services.

Consumer services: retail, motor vehicles, lodging, restaurants, personal services, health, education and social services, and recreational services.

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* 4. In what year did this business begin operating?

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* 5. In what year was the company formally registered?

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* 6. Does the business you belong to focus on traditional activities or innovative technologies?

Traditional activities

Innovative technologies

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* 7. What is the percentage of women's participation in the company's management team?

Between 2% and 10%

Between 11% and 20%

Between 21% and 30%

More than 31%

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* 8. How many employees, including yourself, currently work in your business?

0 to 10 workers

11 to 25 workers

26 to 50 workers

51 to 100 workers

101 to 200 workers

201 to more workers

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* 9. In the last three years, what percentage of sales has been allocated to employee training?

Between 2% and 10%

Between 11% and 20%

Between 21% and 30%

More than 31%

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* 10. In terms of the labor practices implemented in your company, what is the degree of compliance with the following procedures?

	Properly implemented	Not implemented	In process
Formal labor contracting.	Formal labor contracting. Properly implemented	Formal labor contracting. Not implemented	Formal labor contracting. In process
Payment of remuneration in accordance with the law.	Payment of remuneration in accordance with the law. Properly implemented	Payment of remuneration in accordance with the law. Not implemented	Payment of remuneration in accordance with the law. In process
Coverage of social benefits.	Coverage of social benefits. Properly implemented	Coverage of social benefits. Not implemented	Coverage of social benefits. In process
Paid breaks and leaves of absence.	Paid breaks and leaves of absence. Properly implemented	Paid breaks and leaves of absence. Not implemented	Paid breaks and leaves of absence. In process
Job promotions.	Job promotions. Properly implemented	Job promotions. Not implemented	Job promotions. In process
Labor recognition.	Labor recognition. Properly implemented	Labor recognition. Not implemented	Labor recognition. In process

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* 11. From the beginning of your operations to the present, by what percentage has the performance of the following indicators of your business increased?

	No increase (0%)	Increased up to 25%	Increased between 26% and 50%	Increased between 51% and 100%	Increased between 101% and 200%	Increased of more than 200%
Total sales	Total sales No increase (0%)	Total sales Increased up to 25%	Total sales Increased between 26% and 50%	Total sales Increased between 51% and 100%	Total sales Increased between 101% and 200%	Total sales Increased of more than 200%
Profit margin	Profit margin No increase (0%)	Profit margin Increased up to 25%	Profit margin Increased between 26% and 50%	Profit margin Increased between 51% and 100%	Profit margin Increased between 101% and 200%	Profit margin Increased of more than 200%

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* 12. From the beginning of your operations to the present, by what percentage, have your total business costs been reduced?

No reduction in total costs (0%)

Reduction between 1% and 5%.

Reduction between 6% and 10%

Reduction between 11% and 20%.

Reduction between 21% and 30%

Reduction of 31% or more

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* 13. In the last three years, what is the percentage of sales allocated to the improvement of operating or production processes?

Between 2% and 10%

Between 11% and 20%

Between 21% and 30%

More than 31%

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* 14. How important are the following activities to you?

	Null	Very low	Low	Medium	High	Very high
Increase the number of full-time employees contracted.	Increase the number of full-time employees contracted. Null	Increase the number of full-time employees contracted. Very low	Increase the number of full-time employees contracted. Low	Increase the number of full-time employees contracted. Medium	Increase the number of full-time employees contracted. High	Increase the number of full-time employees contracted. Very high
Increase production capacity in the business.	Increase production capacity in the business. Null	Increase production capacity in the business. Very low	Increase production capacity in the business. Low	Increase production capacity in the business. Medium	Increase production capacity in the business. High	Increase production capacity in the business. Very high
Develop new products or services for the main market of the business.	Develop new products or services for the main market of the business. Null	Develop new products or services for the main market of the business. Very low	Develop new products or services for the main market of the business. Low	Develop new products or services for the main market of the business. Medium	Develop new products or services for the main market of the business. High	Develop new products or services for the main market of the business. Very high
Introduce improvements in products or services for the main market of the business.	Introduce improvements in products or services for the main market of the business. Null	Introduce improvements in products or services for the main market of the business. Very low	Introduce improvements in products or services for the main market of the business. Low	Introduce improvements in products or services for the main market of the business. Medium	Introduce improvements in products or services for the main market of the business. High	Introduce improvements in products or services for the main market of the business. Very high
Invest in research and development activities (internally or by contracting with other companies).	Invest in research and development activities (internally or by contracting with other companies). Null	Invest in research and development activities (internally or by contracting with other companies). Very low	Invest in research and development activities (internally or by contracting with other companies). Low	Invest in research and development activities (internally or by contracting with other companies). Medium	Invest in research and development activities (internally or by contracting with other companies). High	Invest in research and development activities (internally or by contracting with other companies). Very high

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* 15. Please indicate what percentage of sales has been allocated to the use of new technologies for innovations in the last year?

	0%	1% to 5%	6% to 10%	11% to 20%	21% to 30%	31% to more
Product innovation	Product innovation 0%	Product innovation 1% to 5%	Product innovation 6% to 10%	Product innovation 11% to 20%	Product innovation 21% to 30%	Product innovation 31% to more
Process innovation	Process innovation 0%	Process innovation 1% to 5%	Process innovation 6% to 10%	Process innovation 11% to 20%	Process innovation 21% to 30%	Process innovation 31% to more
Marketing innovation	Marketing innovation 0%	Marketing innovation 1% to 5%	Marketing innovation 6% to 10%	Marketing innovation 11% to 20%	Marketing innovation 21% to 30%	Marketing innovation 31% to more
Organizational innovation	Organizational innovation 0%	Organizational innovation 1% to 5%	Organizational innovation 6% to 10%	Organizational innovation 11% to 20%	Organizational innovation 21% to 30%	Organizational innovation 31% to more

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* 16. In the next two years, what percentage of your sales do you plan to allocate to the following statements?

	0%	1% to 5%	6% to 10%	11% to 20%	21% to 30%	31% to more
Introduce new products to the market.	Introduce new products to the market. 0%	Introduce new products to the market. 1% to 5%	Introduce new products to the market. 6% to 10%	Introduce new products to the market. 11% to 20%	Introduce new products to the market. 21% to 30%	Introduce new products to the market. 31% to more
Improve existing products.	Improve existing products. 0%	Improve existing products. 1% to 5%	Improve existing products. 6% to 10%	Improve existing products. 11% to 20%	Improve existing products. 21% to 30%	Improve existing products. 31% to more
Develop new forms of packaging and labeling.	Develop new forms of packaging and labeling. 0%	Develop new forms of packaging and labeling. 1% to 5%	Develop new forms of packaging and labeling. 6% to 10%	Develop new forms of packaging and labeling. 11% to 20%	Develop new forms of packaging and labeling. 21% to 30%	Develop new forms of packaging and labeling. 31% to more
Use artificial intelligence to improve processes.	Use artificial intelligence to improve processes. 0%	Use artificial intelligence to improve processes. 1% to 5%	Use artificial intelligence to improve processes. 6% to 10%	Use artificial intelligence to improve processes. 11% to 20%	Use artificial intelligence to improve processes. 21% to 30%	Use artificial intelligence to improve processes. 31% to more
Modify the organizational structure of the business.	Modify the organizational structure of the business. 0%	Modify the organizational structure of the business. 1% to 5%	Modify the organizational structure of the business. 6% to 10%	Modify the organizational structure of the business. 11% to 20%	Modify the organizational structure of the business. 21% to 30%	Modify the organizational structure of the business. 31% to more

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* 17. In the last three years, what is the percentage of purchases made from suppliers over the Internet in this business?

Less than 10%.

Between 10% and 25%.

Between 26% and 50%.

Between 51% and 60%

Between 61% and 74%

More than 75%

No online purchases were made

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* 18. In the last three years, what percentage of total sales were made over the Internet?

Less than 10%.

Between 10% and 25%.

Between 26% and 50%.

Between 51% and 60%

Between 61% and 74%

More than 75%

No online sales were made

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* 19. To what extent has your business employed telecommuting during the past three years?

Not applicable

Very rarely

Rarely

Occasionally

Frequently

Very Often

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* 20. To what extent does this business use social media to communicate with its customers?

Not applicable

Very rarely

Rarely

Occasionally

Frequently

Very Often

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* 21. In the last three years, what percentage of staff recruitment has been carried out through the Internet?

Between 2% and 10%

Between 11% and 20%

Between 21% and 30%

More than 31%

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* 22. How important was digital transformation to your business sales in 2022?

Null

Very low

Low

Medium

High

Very high

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* 23. What is your level of agreement or disagreement with the following items? DT: digital transformation.

	Not Applicable	Strongly disagree	Slightly disagree	Neither agree nor disagree	Slightly agree	Strongly agree
Achieving DT is an important competitive factor.	Achieving DT is an important competitive factor. Not Applicable	Achieving DT is an important competitive factor. Strongly disagree	Achieving DT is an important competitive factor. Slightly disagree	Achieving DT is an important competitive factor. Neither agree nor disagree	Achieving DT is an important competitive factor. Slightly agree	Achieving DT is an important competitive factor. Strongly agree
Human Resources are a conditioning factor in achieving DT.	Human Resources are a conditioning factor in achieving DT. Not Applicable	Human Resources are a conditioning factor in achieving DT. Strongly disagree	Human Resources are a conditioning factor in achieving DT. Slightly disagree	Human Resources are a conditioning factor in achieving DT. Neither agree nor disagree	Human Resources are a conditioning factor in achieving DT. Slightly agree	Human Resources are a conditioning factor in achieving DT. Strongly agree
Cost/investment is a conditioning factor in achieving DT.	Cost/investment is a conditioning factor in achieving DT. Not Applicable	Cost/investment is a conditioning factor in achieving DT. Strongly disagree	Cost/investment is a conditioning factor in achieving DT. Slightly disagree	Cost/investment is a conditioning factor in achieving DT. Neither agree nor disagree	Cost/investment is a conditioning factor in achieving DT. Slightly agree	Cost/investment is a conditioning factor in achieving DT. Strongly agree
DT is a priority for the business.	DT is a priority for the business. Not Applicable	DT is a priority for the business. Strongly disagree	DT is a priority for the business. Slightly disagree	DT is a priority for the business. Neither agree nor disagree	DT is a priority for the business. Slightly agree	DT is a priority for the business. Strongly agree
DT means changing the way te organization works.	DT means changing the way te organization works. Not Applicable	DT means changing the way te organization works. Strongly disagree	DT means changing the way te organization works. Slightly disagree	DT means changing the way te organization works. Neither agree nor disagree	DT means changing the way te organization works. Slightly agree	DT means changing the way te organization works. Strongly agree
The top management levels (management and leadership) are determining factors in achieving DT.	The top management levels (management and leadership) are determining factors in achieving DT. Not Applicable	The top management levels (management and leadership) are determining factors in achieving DT. Strongly disagree	The top management levels (management and leadership) are determining factors in achieving DT. Slightly disagree	The top management levels (management and leadership) are determining factors in achieving DT. Neither agree nor disagree	The top management levels (management and leadership) are determining factors in achieving DT. Slightly agree	The top management levels (management and leadership) are determining factors in achieving DT. Strongly agree
DT is achieved by capturing and building customer loyalty through a digital strategy.	DT is achieved by capturing and building customer loyalty through a digital strategy. Not Applicable	DT is achieved by capturing and building customer loyalty through a digital strategy. Strongly disagree	DT is achieved by capturing and building customer loyalty through a digital strategy. Slightly disagree	DT is achieved by capturing and building customer loyalty through a digital strategy. Neither agree nor disagree	DT is achieved by capturing and building customer loyalty through a digital strategy. Slightly agree	DT is achieved by capturing and building customer loyalty through a digital strategy. Strongly agree
DT is achieved through a business strategy and methodologies oriented to promote digital innovation.	DT is achieved through a business strategy and methodologies oriented to promote digital innovation. Not Applicable	DT is achieved through a business strategy and methodologies oriented to promote digital innovation. Strongly disagree	DT is achieved through a business strategy and methodologies oriented to promote digital innovation. Slightly disagree	DT is achieved through a business strategy and methodologies oriented to promote digital innovation. Neither agree nor disagree	DT is achieved through a business strategy and methodologies oriented to promote digital innovation. Slightly agree	DT is achieved through a business strategy and methodologies oriented to promote digital innovation. Strongly agree
DT is achieved by coordinating and working as a team in digital environments.	DT is achieved by coordinating and working as a team in digital environments. Not Applicable	DT is achieved by coordinating and working as a team in digital environments. Strongly disagree	DT is achieved by coordinating and working as a team in digital environments. Slightly disagree	DT is achieved by coordinating and working as a team in digital environments. Neither agree nor disagree	DT is achieved by coordinating and working as a team in digital environments. Slightly agree	DT is achieved by coordinating and working as a team in digital environments. Strongly agree

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* 24. In the last three years, what percentage of sales has been allocated to the implementation of technology, automation and digitization?

Between 2% and 10%

Between 11% and 20%

Between 21% and 30%

More than 31%

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* 25. Based on the previous question, please provide a brief example of the most relevant technological process that you have achieved with the investment in digitization. In case you have selected the option (0%), please give an explanation.

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* 26. Currently, the acceleration of digitization has mostly affected: (you can choose more than two options)

Business Model

Work processes

Customer relationship

Products / services

Relationship with suppliers and/or distributors

Labor relations

Not applicable

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* 27. Based on the above question. What percentage of your total sales did you allocate to digitizing the following activities? (you can choose more than two options)

	0%	1% to 5%	6% to 10%	11% to 20%	21% to 30%	31% to more
Business Model	Business Model 0%	Business Model 1% to 5%	Business Model 6% to 10%	Business Model 11% to 20%	Business Model 21% to 30%	Business Model 31% to more
Work processes	Work processes 0%	Work processes 1% to 5%	Work processes 6% to 10%	Work processes 11% to 20%	Work processes 21% to 30%	Work processes 31% to more
Customer relationship	Customer relationship 0%	Customer relationship 1% to 5%	Customer relationship 6% to 10%	Customer relationship 11% to 20%	Customer relationship 21% to 30%	Customer relationship 31% to more
Products / services	Products / services 0%	Products / services 1% to 5%	Products / services 6% to 10%	Products / services 11% to 20%	Products / services 21% to 30%	Products / services 31% to more
Relationship with suppliers and/or distributors	Relationship with suppliers and/or distributors 0%	Relationship with suppliers and/or distributors 1% to 5%	Relationship with suppliers and/or distributors 6% to 10%	Relationship with suppliers and/or distributors 11% to 20%	Relationship with suppliers and/or distributors 21% to 30%	Relationship with suppliers and/or distributors 31% to more
Labor relations	Labor relations 0%	Labor relations 1% to 5%	Labor relations 6% to 10%	Labor relations 11% to 20%	Labor relations 21% to 30%	Labor relations 31% to more

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* 28. To what extent did the providers contribute to developing digital financial services during digitization?

Null

Very low

Low

Medium

High

Very high

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* 29. To what extent do you believe that using technologies has improved the efficiency and effectiveness of your company's processes?

	Not important	Very unimportant	Slightly important	Moderately important	Important	Very important
Cloud computing	Cloud computing Not important	Cloud computing Very unimportant	Cloud computing Slightly important	Cloud computing Moderately important	Cloud computing Important	Cloud computing Very important
Artificial Intelligence	Artificial Intelligence Not important	Artificial Intelligence Very unimportant	Artificial Intelligence Slightly important	Artificial Intelligence Moderately important	Artificial Intelligence Important	Artificial Intelligence Very important
Big data	Big data Not important	Big data Very unimportant	Big data Slightly important	Big data Moderately important	Big data Important	Big data Very important
Internet of Things	Internet of Things Not important	Internet of Things Very unimportant	Internet of Things Slightly important	Internet of Things Moderately important	Internet of Things Important	Internet of Things Very important
Automation	Automation Not important	Automation Very unimportant	Automation Slightly important	Automation Moderately important	Automation Important	Automation Very important
Cybersecurity	Cybersecurity Not important	Cybersecurity Very unimportant	Cybersecurity Slightly important	Cybersecurity Moderately important	Cybersecurity Important	Cybersecurity Very important
Robotics	Robotics Not important	Robotics Very unimportant	Robotics Slightly important	Robotics Moderately important	Robotics Important	Robotics Very important

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* 30. Fintech: Described as the incorporation of technology into financial services, which can result in the creation of new business approaches, applications, processes, or products that have a significant impact on the delivery of financial services. Based on this definition, how have used “Fintech” financial technology tools impacted the formalization process of your business?

	Not important	Slightly important	Somewhat important	Moderately important	Very important	Essential
Crowdfunding	Crowdfunding Not important	Crowdfunding Slightly important	Crowdfunding Somewhat important	Crowdfunding Moderately important	Crowdfunding Very important	Crowdfunding Essential
E-invoicing and online accounting	E-invoicing and online accounting Not important	E-invoicing and online accounting Slightly important	E-invoicing and online accounting Somewhat important	E-invoicing and online accounting Moderately important	E-invoicing and online accounting Very important	E-invoicing and online accounting Essential
Financial and credit data analysis	Financial and credit data analysis Not important	Financial and credit data analysis Slightly important	Financial and credit data analysis Somewhat important	Financial and credit data analysis Moderately important	Financial and credit data analysis Very important	Financial and credit data analysis Essential
Collection and debt recovery management	Collection and debt recovery management Not important	Collection and debt recovery management Slightly important	Collection and debt recovery management Somewhat important	Collection and debt recovery management Moderately important	Collection and debt recovery management Very important	Collection and debt recovery management Essential
E-payment solutions and digital wallets	E-payment solutions and digital wallets Not important	E-payment solutions and digital wallets Slightly important	E-payment solutions and digital wallets Somewhat important	E-payment solutions and digital wallets Moderately important	E-payment solutions and digital wallets Very important	E-payment solutions and digital wallets Essential

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* 31. How did digitization influence your business's formalization process in the following methods?

	Null	Very low	Low	Medium	High	Very high
Operations (Production/Service)	Operations (Production/Service) Null	Operations (Production/Service) Very low	Operations (Production/Service) Low	Operations (Production/Service) Medium	Operations (Production/Service) High	Operations (Production/Service) Very high
Strategic Decision- Making	Strategic Decision- Making Null	Strategic Decision- Making Very low	Strategic Decision- Making Low	Strategic Decision- Making Medium	Strategic Decision- Making High	Strategic Decision- Making Very high
Commercial	Commercial Null	Commercial Very low	Commercial Low	Commercial Medium	Commercial High	Commercial Very high
Human Resources	Human Resources Null	Human Resources Very low	Human Resources Low	Human Resources Medium	Human Resources High	Human Resources Very high
Logistics	Logistics Null	Logistics Very low	Logistics Low	Logistics Medium	Logistics High	Logistics Very high
Marketing	Marketing Null	Marketing Very low	Marketing Low	Marketing Medium	Marketing High	Marketing Very high
Finance	Finance Null	Finance Very low	Finance Low	Finance Medium	Finance High	Finance Very high

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* 32. Based on the previous question, please provide a brief explanation of the most important technological or digital process that has influenced your formalization process. In case you have selected the null option for all cases please give an explanation.

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* 33. Has your business received government support as part of business consolidation and formalization?

Yes received support

Did not receive support

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* 34. To what extent does the absence or failure of formal institutions (infrastructure, legal and economic) result in difficulty for the business to carry out efficient and effective market transactions?

	Null	Very low	Low	Medium	High	Very high
Infrastructure	Infrastructure Null	Infrastructure Very low	Infrastructure Low	Infrastructure Medium	Infrastructure High	Infrastructure Very high
Legal	Legal Null	Legal Very low	Legal Low	Legal Medium	Legal High	Legal Very high
Economic	Economic Null	Economic Very low	Economic Low	Economic Medium	Economic High	Economic Very high

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* 35. To what extent does the influence of customs, norms, values, beliefs, and lifestyles prevent the company from conducting efficient and effective market transactions?

Null

Very low

Low

Medium

High

Very high

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* 36. To what extent do you consider that the participation of informal investors was necessary or important in formalizing and consolidating the business?

Not necessary and not important

Very little necessary and important

Somewhat necessary and important

Moderately necessary and important

Fairly necessary and important

Extremely necessary and important

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* 37. In the last three years, how much time per week (average approx.) has senior management spent dealing with the bureaucracy and paperwork associated with government requirements?

Less than 1 hour per week

Between 1 and 5 hours per week

Between 6 and 10 hours per week

Between 11 and 20 hours per week

21 hours to more per week

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* 38. How difficult does the company find it to comply with the administrative requirements to participate in a public bidding process?

No difficulty

Little difficulty

Moderate difficulty

Fair difficulty

Not applicable

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* 39. How beneficial was the e-payment process for the company in the last three years?

Not beneficial

Very little benefit

Little beneficial

Moderately beneficial

Quite beneficial

Extremely beneficial

The business did not use it

Not available in my country

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* 40. In the last three years, what modality did your business use for the following processes with the government?

	Presential modality	Blended modality	Online modality
Tax payments	Tax payments Presential modality	Tax payments Blended modality	Tax payments Online modality
Participation in public bids	Participation in public bids Presential modality	Participation in public bids Blended modality	Participation in public bids Online modality
Administrative procedures	Administrative procedures Presential modality	Administrative procedures Blended modality	Administrative procedures Online modality

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* 41. To what extent does government bidding through a digital platform benefit the business?

No benefit

Minimum benefit

Moderate benefit

Significant benefits

Do not use a digital platform for this purpose

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* 42. Indicate which of the following elements helped to achieve your formalization process

	Not used	Little used	Moderately used	Fairly used	Heavily used	Widely used
Facilitating registration and compliance (through simplified laws and procedures)	Facilitating registration and compliance (through simplified laws and procedures) Not used	Facilitating registration and compliance (through simplified laws and procedures) Little used	Facilitating registration and compliance (through simplified laws and procedures) Moderately used	Facilitating registration and compliance (through simplified laws and procedures) Fairly used	Facilitating registration and compliance (through simplified laws and procedures) Heavily used	Facilitating registration and compliance (through simplified laws and procedures) Widely used
Making formalization more feasible (by improving the productivity of business)	Making formalization more feasible (by improving the productivity of business) Not used	Making formalization more feasible (by improving the productivity of business) Little used	Making formalization more feasible (by improving the productivity of business) Moderately used	Making formalization more feasible (by improving the productivity of business) Fairly used	Making formalization more feasible (by improving the productivity of business) Heavily used	Making formalization more feasible (by improving the productivity of business) Widely used
Making operating informally less attractive (especially through strengthened enforcement and compliance measures)	Making operating informally less attractive (especially through strengthened enforcement and compliance measures) Not used	Making operating informally less attractive (especially through strengthened enforcement and compliance measures) Little used	Making operating informally less attractive (especially through strengthened enforcement and compliance measures) Moderately used	Making operating informally less attractive (especially through strengthened enforcement and compliance measures) Fairly used	Making operating informally less attractive (especially through strengthened enforcement and compliance measures) Heavily used	Making operating informally less attractive (especially through strengthened enforcement and compliance measures) Widely used

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* 43. How important do you think it was for the business to participate and win a public investment fund for innovation in the last three years?

Null

Very low

Low

Medium

High

Very high

The business did not participate

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* 44. Taking into account the last three years, how effective do you find the government’s measures to promote business development as part of business consolidation?

Null

Very low

Low

Medium

High

Very high

The business did not participate

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* 45. What suggestions would you give to the government to promote formalization?

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* 46. To what extent were the following types of financing important for the formalization of your business?

	Null	Very low	Low	Medium	High	Very high
Own resources	Own resources Null	Own resources Very low	Own resources Low	Own resources Medium	Own resources High	Own resources Very high
State institutional funds	State institutional funds Null	State institutional funds Very low	State institutional funds Low	State institutional funds Medium	State institutional funds High	State institutional funds Very high
Non-governmental organizations	Non-governmental organizations Null	Non-governmental organizations Very low	Non-governmental organizations Low	Non-governmental organizations Medium	Non-governmental organizations High	Non-governmental organizations Very high
Angel investors	Angel investors Null	Angel investors Very low	Angel investors Low	Angel investors Medium	Angel investors High	Angel investors Very high
Private financial institutions	Private financial institutions Null	Private financial institutions Very low	Private financial institutions Low	Private financial institutions Medium	Private financial institutions High	Private financial institutions Very high
Venture capital	Venture capital Null	Venture capital Very low	Venture capital Low	Venture capital Medium	Venture capital High	Venture capital Very high
Crowdfunding	Crowdfunding Null	Crowdfunding Very low	Crowdfunding Low	Crowdfunding Medium	Crowdfunding High	Crowdfunding Very high
Alternative financing	Alternative financing Null	Alternative financing Very low	Alternative financing Low	Alternative financing Medium	Alternative financing High	Alternative financing Very high

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* 47. To what extent do you consider financial performance an essential factor in business formalization?

Null

Very low

Low

Medium

High

Very high

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* 48. To what extent have you increased the number of certified or products processes in your main line of business to achieve benefits (e.g., customer confidence, increased efficiency and access to new markets)?

Null

Very low

Low

Medium

High

Very high

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* 49. In relation to the formalization and consolidation of the company, how important was each of the following factors?

	Null	Very low	Low	Medium	High	Very high
Internal and external cooperation	Internal and external cooperation Null	Internal and external cooperation Very low	Internal and external cooperation Low	Internal and external cooperation Medium	Internal and external cooperation High	Internal and external cooperation Very high
Competitors and other businesses in the sector	Competitors and other businesses in the sector Null	Competitors and other businesses in the sector Very low	Competitors and other businesses in the sector Low	Competitors and other businesses in the sector Medium	Competitors and other businesses in the sector High	Competitors and other businesses in the sector Very high
Suppliers	Suppliers Null	Suppliers Very low	Suppliers Low	Suppliers Medium	Suppliers High	Suppliers Very high
Higher education institutions	Higher education institutions Null	Higher education institutions Very low	Higher education institutions Low	Higher education institutions Medium	Higher education institutions High	Higher education institutions Very high
Research center	Research center Null	Research center Very low	Research center Low	Research center Medium	Research center High	Research center Very high

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* 50. How would you describe the business association's importance in formalizing your company?

Null

Very unimportant

Slightly important

Moderately important

Important

Very important

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* 51. To what extent does competition from informal (unregistered) and non-compliant firms affect business performance?

Null

Very unimportant

Slightly important

Moderately important

Important

Very important

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* 52. What are the main obstacles that the business faces in business formalization and consolidation?

	No influence	Very little influence	Little influence	Moderate influence	Moderate influence	Totally influential
Bureaucratic	Bureaucratic No influence	Bureaucratic Very little influence	Bureaucratic Little influence	Bureaucratic Moderate influence	Bureaucratic Moderate influence	Bureaucratic Totally influential
Corruption	Corruption No influence	Corruption Very little influence	Corruption Little influence	Corruption Moderate influence	Corruption Moderate influence	Corruption Totally influential
Crime	Crime No influence	Crime Very little influence	Crime Little influence	Crime Moderate influence	Crime Moderate influence	Crime Totally influential
Tax burden	Tax burden No influence	Tax burden Very little influence	Tax burden Little influence	Tax burden Moderate influence	Tax burden Moderate influence	Tax burden Totally influential
Informal competition	Informal competition No influence	Informal competition Very little influence	Informal competition Little influence	Informal competition Moderate influence	Informal competition Moderate influence	Informal competition Totally influential
Lack of information and technical assistance	Lack of information and technical assistance No influence	Lack of information and technical assistance Very little influence	Lack of information and technical assistance Little influence	Lack of information and technical assistance Moderate influence	Lack of information and technical assistance Moderate influence	Lack of information and technical assistance Totally influential
Lack of access to formal financing	Lack of access to formal financing No influence	Lack of access to formal financing Very little influence	Lack of access to formal financing Little influence	Lack of access to formal financing Moderate influence	Lack of access to formal financing Moderate influence	Lack of access to formal financing Totally influential
Lack of public infrastructure	Lack of public infrastructure No influence	Lack of public infrastructure Very little influence	Lack of public infrastructure Little influence	Lack of public infrastructure Moderate influence	Lack of public infrastructure Moderate influence	Lack of public infrastructure Totally influential
Lack of security	Lack of security No influence	Lack of security Very little influence	Lack of security Little influence	Lack of security Moderate influence	Lack of security Moderate influence	Lack of security Totally influential
General policy instability	General policy instability No influence	General policy instability Very little influence	General policy instability Little influence	General policy instability Moderate influence	General policy instability Moderate influence	General policy instability Totally influential
Internet quality	Internet quality No influence	Internet quality Very little influence	Internet quality Little influence	Internet quality Moderate influence	Internet quality Moderate influence	Internet quality Totally influential